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St. Cloud State University

St. Cloud State University

Cultural Audit: Final Report Nichols and Associates, Inc.
Washington, D.C.
October 2002

Level II: Scale Analysis by Demographics

For analysis purposes, each scale was transformed into an overall scale score. Items that were negatively worded were reversed scored. The lower the scale score, the better the score or the more favorable the perception. Each demographic variable (i.e., independent variable) was analyzed across scales using t-tests or analysis of variance. Homogeneity of variance was tested using Levene's test of equality of variances. Post-hoc tests were conducted using Tukey's test when variances were equal or Dunnette's C when variances were unequal. The sample of students included 164 respondents. For this level of analysis, the faculty, staff and administration group was split into two groups. The sample of faculty included 128 respondents. The sample of administration/staff included 109 respondents.

Students

Section I: PERCEPTION OF SCSU
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: Significant differences were noted (F=2.393, p<.05). Post hoc tests could not be performed because at least one group had fewer than two cases. Students were divided into two categories, majority and minority. Significant differences were found between majority students (X=45.30) and minority students (X=48.92), (t=3.351, p = 001).
  • Gender: Not Significant (NS)
  • Age: Significant differences were noted (F=2.680, p<.05). Post hoc tests could not be performed because four cohorts had fewer than two cases.
    When these four cohorts were filtered out, significant differences were found (F=4.380, p<.01) between the 17-20 cohort (X=44.77) and the 21-25 cohort (X=48.67, p<.01).
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Significant differences were found (F=4.876, p<.01) when students were divided into three groups, Christian, non-Christian, and no religious affiliation. Post-hoc tests noted significant differences between Christians (X=45.55) and non-Christians (X=49.36, p<.01).
  • Classification: NS
  • International student: NS
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

Students' perceptions of SCSU were a function of three of the demographic variables, race, age, and spiritual/religious affiliation. Majority students have more favorable perceptions of SCSU than minority students. The age cohort 17 to 20 years of age has a more favorable perception of SCSU than the age cohort 21 to 25 years of age. Students identifying themselves as Christians have more favorable perceptions of SCSU than those identifying themselves as non-Christians (i.e. Baha'i, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, Wicca, and other religious affiliation).

Section II: CULTURAL VALUES
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Classification: NS
  • International student: NS
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

The perceptions of SCSU's cultural values are not influenced by demographic factors. All students appear to be homogeneous in their perception of cultural values.

Section III: EXPERIENCES AT SCSU
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: Significant differences were noted (F=2.628, p<.05). Post hoc tests could not be performed because at least one group had fewer than two cases. Students were divided into two categories, majority and minority. Significant differences were found between majority students (X=69.63) and minority students (X=75.64), (t=3.578, p<.001).
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Classification: NS
  • International student: NS
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

Majority students indicated more favorable experiences at SCSU than minority students. This finding is consistent with the Focus Group Report and may be attributable to the harassment experienced and the lack of recourse available to these minority students.

Section IV: OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES ABOUT SCSU
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: No significant differences were noted with analysis of variance. However, when students were divided into two categories significant differences were found between majority students (X=76.18) and minority students (X=80.38), (t=2.476, p=.05).
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Classification: NS
  • International student: International students (X=80.52) averaged significantly higher scale scores than non-international students (X=76.57), (t=2.33, p<.05)
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

Majority students indicated more favorable opinions and attitudes about SCSU than minority students. International students indicated less favorable opinions and attitudes about SCSU than non-international students.

Section V: SATISFACTION WITH STUDENT LIFE
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Classification: NS
  • International student: NS
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

The level of satisfaction with student life is not influenced by demographic factors. All students appear to be homogeneous in their level of satisfaction with student life.

Section VI: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Classification: Significant differences were noted (F=2.779, p<.05). Post-hoc tests noted significant differences between sophomores (X=28.81) and juniors (X=36.09, p<.05).
  • International student: NS
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

Students classified as sophomores felt more positive about interpersonal relationships than juniors. This may be due to the fact that sophomores have survived their freshman year and begin to take more classes with the same students and faculty that are in their major and are thus able to establish relationships with their peers and within their major department.

Section VII: ANTI-AFRICAN AMERICAN
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Classification: NS
  • International student: International students (X=11.98) averaged significantly higher scale scores than non-international students (X=10.98), (t=2.07, p<.05)
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

International students perceived African American faculty, staff and students more negative than other students. This may be attributable to the negative media attention SCSU has received. International students may be more sensitive and believing of the reports in the media because they have not been acculturated in the United States.

Section VIII: ANTI-SEMITIC
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: No significant differences were noted with analysis of variance. However, when students were divided into two groups significant differences were found between majority students (X=15.12) and minority students (X=16.99), (t=2.713, p=.01).
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Significant differences were noted (F=2.556, p<.05). Post hoc tests could not be performed because at least one group had fewer than two cases. When students were divided into three groups, Christian, Non-Christian, and No Affiliation, no significant differences were found
  • Classification: NS
  • International student: International students (X=17.35) averaged significantly higher scale scores than non-international students (X=15.12), (t=3.27, p<.01)
  • Length of time at SCSU: NS
  • Full- or part-time student: NS

Discussion:

Majority students were found to be more Anti-Semitic than minority students. International students had less favorable perceptions of Jews than non-international students. This finding may also be attributable to the negative media attention SCSU has received. International students may be more sensitive and believing of the reports in the media because they have not been acculturated in the United States.

Table 1
Summary of Significant Mean Comparisons By Scales By Demographics for Students

Perception of SCSU

  • Race: Majority students have more favorable perceptions of SCSU than minority students.
  • Age: The 17-20 cohort had more favorable perceptions of SCSU than the 21-25 cohort.
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Christians have more favorable perceptions of SCSU than non-Christians.

Cultural Values

  • No significant differences were found.

Experiences as SCSU

  • Race: Majority students reported more favorable experiences than minority students.

Opinions and Attitudes about SCSU

  • Race: Majority students have more favorable opinions and attitudes than minority students.
  • International student: International students reported less favorable opinions and attitudes about SCSU than non-international students.

Satisfaction with Student Life

  • No significant differences were found.

Interpersonal Relationships

  • Classification: Sophomores rated their interpersonal relationships more positive than juniors.

Anti-African American

  • International student: International students have more negative perceptions about African-Americans than non-international students.

Anti-Semitic

  • Race: Minority students were more Anti-Semitic than majority students.
  • International student: International students have more negative perceptions about Jews than non-international students.

Table 2
Student Survey Scales: Descriptive Statistics

SCALE Number of Items
and Response
Item Range		 Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
Perception of SCSU 16 /1-5 23.00 65.00 46.93 7.06
Cultural Values 10/1-5 16.00 50.00 30.58 6.09
Experiences at SCSU 25/1-5 42.00 103.00 72.37 11.18
Opinions and Attitudes 27/1-5 43.00 111.00 78.09 11.49
Satisfaction with Student Life 18/1-5 20.00 82.00 49.17 11.91
Interpersonal Relationships 11/1-7 11.00 59.00 30.81 11.00
Anti-African American 4/1-5 4.00 20.00 11.36 3.26
Anti-Semitic 6/1-5 6.00 26.00 15.98 4.61

FACULTY

Section I: EXPERIENCES AT THE WORKPLACE
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: Not significant (NS)
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

The level of satisfaction with experiences at the workplace is not influenced by demographic factors. Faculty appear to be homogeneous in their level of satisfaction with experiences at the workplace.

Section II: JOB EXPERIENCES
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: Males (X=22.74) averaged significantly lower scale scores than females (X=25.02), (t=2.013, p<.05).
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Males view their job experiences more positively than females. Males are more satisfied with the training, mentoring, performance feedback, and opportunities for advancement they receive.

Section III: OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES ABOUT SCSU
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: No significant differences were found across the seven racial/ethnic groups. However, when comparing majority faculty members with minority faculty members a significant difference was found. Majority faculty members (X=101.41) had more positive opinions and attitudes about SCSU than minority faculty members (X=106.30), (t=2.00, p<.05)
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Majority faculty members had more positive opinions and attitudes about SCSU than minority faculty members. The business and psychological literature indicate that the more favorable climate ratings are from majority males, while the least favorable ratings are from minority females. One reason that minorities rate the climate less favorable can be attributable to disparate treatment, the lack of opportunity for advancement, and ineffective management of diversity.

Section IV: COMMUNICATION
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: Significant differences were noted (F=9.092, p<.001). Professors averaged significantly less favorable scale scores (X=71.22) than both assistant professors (X=61.53, p<.001) and associate professors (X=63.25, p<.01).
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: Significant differences were noted (F=3.727, p<.01). Post-hoc tests found that faculty members who have been at SCSU for 1-3 years (X=61.68, p<.05) and 4-5 years (X=61.72, p<.05) averaged significantly more favorable scale scores than faculty members who had been at SCSU for 11-20 years (X=70.16).
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Professors' perceptions of communication were not as favorable as assistant professors and associate professors. Additionally, faculty members who had been at SCSU for 11-20 years had less favorable perceptions of communication than faculty members who had been at SCSU from a few months to five years. As time passes, faculty members become less satisfied with the flow of communication.

Section V: INTERPERSONAL SITUATIONS AND MENTORING
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: Significant differences were noted (F=6.904, p<.001). Professors averaged significantly less favorable scale scores (X=45.74) than both assistant professors (X=36.82, p<.05) and associate professors (X=42.38, p<.05).
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: Significant differences were noted (F=3.884, p<.01). Post-hoc tests found that faculty members who have been at SCSU for less than 1 year (X=36.57, p<.05) and 1-3 years (X=37.59, p<.01) averaged significantly more favorable scale scores than faculty members who had been at SCSU for 11-20 years (X=46.16).
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Favorable perceptions of interpersonal situations and mentoring were found to be a function of status and length of time at SCSU. Assistant professors and associate professors regarded interpersonal situations and mentoring more favorably than professors. Faculty members who had been at SCSU for a few months up to three years regarded interpersonal situations more favorably than faculty members who had been at SCSU between 11-20 years. It appears that as time passes, faculty members become less satisfied with the interpersonal situations and mentoring they experience.

Section VI: JOB SATISFACTION
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: Significant differences were noted (F=5.539, p<.01). Professors averaged significantly less favorable scale scores (X=41.88) than assistant professors (X=33.45, p=.001).
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Professors indicated a lower level of job satisfaction that assistant professors. The current climate at SCSU may be a reason why the current finding is in the opposite direction of findings in the business and psychological literature.

Section VII: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

The level of satisfaction with interpersonal relationships is not influenced by demographic factors. All faculty members appear to be homogeneous in their level of satisfaction with interpersonal relationships.

Section VIII: ANTI-AFRICAN AMERICAN
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: Part-time faculty members (X=8.00) had more favorable attitudes toward African Americans than full-time faculty members (X=9.66, p<.001).
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Full-time or part-time status is the only demographic variable that influences attitudes towards African Americans. Part-time faculty members had more positive attitudes towards African-Americans than the full-time faculty members. This finding is limited because of the small number of part-time faculty members that completed the survey (n=4).

Section IX: ANTI-SEMITIC
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Status: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Attitudes towards Jews are not influenced by demographic factors. All faculty members appear to be homogeneous in their attitudes towards Jews.

Table 3
Summary of Significant Mean Comparisons By Scales By Demographics for Faculty

Experiences at the Workplace

  • No significant differences were found.

Job Experiences

  • Gender: Males reported more favorable job experiences than females.

Opinions and Attitudes about SCSU

  • Race: Majority faculty members reported more favorable opinions and attitudes about SCSU than minority faculty members.

Communication

  • Status: Professors rated communication less favorably than both assistant professors and associate professors.
  • Length at SCSU: Faculty members who had been at SCSU between one and five years rated communication as more positively than faculty who had been at SCSU between 11 and 20 years.

Interpersonal Situations and Mentoring

  • Status: Professors rated interpersonal situations and mentoring more negative than both associate professors and assistant professors.
  • Length at SCSU: Faculty members who had been at SCSU from zero to three years rated interpersonal situations and mentoring more favorably than faculty who had been at SCSU between 11 and 20 years.

Job Satisfaction

  • Status: Professors reported lower levels of job satisfaction than assistant professors.

Interpersonal Relationships

  • No significant differences were found.

Anti-African American Attitudes

  • Full-time or part-time: Part-time faculty had more positive attitudes toward African Americans than full-time faculty.

Anti-Semitic Attitudes

  • No significant differences were found.

Table 4
Faculty Survey Scales: Descriptive Statistics

SCALE Number of Items
and Response
Item Range		 Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
Experiences at the Workplace 12/1-5 12.00 50.00 30.87 8.86
Job Experiences 8/1-5 8.00 34.00 23.83 6.41
Opinions and Attitudes about SCSU 38/1-5 66.00 131.00 102.62 14.07
Communication 23/1-5 46.00 95.00 66.06 10.09
Interpersonal Situations and Mentoring 16/1-5 19.00 73.00 41.81 9.84
Job Satisfaction 15/1-5 18.00 64.00 37.78 10.35
Interpersonal Relationships 11/1-7 11.00 51.00 23.60 7.67
Anti-African American 4/1-5 4.00 16.00 9.65 2.92
Anti-Semitism 7/1-5 7.00 28.00 15.90 5.25

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

Section I: EXPERIENCES AT THE WORKPLACE
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: No significant differences were noted with analysis of variance. However, when staff members were divided into two categories significant differences were found between majority administration and staff members (X=30.26) and minority administration and staff members (X=36.50), (t=2.476, p=.05).
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: Significant differences were noted (F=3.467, p<.01). Post-hoc tests found a significant difference between those 41-45 years of age (X=35.25) and those 51 and older, (X=27.46, p<.05).
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Majority members reported more favorable workplace experiences than minority administration and staff members. Administration and staff members ranging in age from 41 to 45 years reported less favorable workplace experiences than those 51 and older. This finding is consistent with organizational and psychological research that indicates that as workers grow older, they tend to be slightly more satisfied with their jobs.

Section II: JOB EXPERIENCES
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: No significant differences were noted with analysis of variance. However, when staff members were divided into two categories significant differences were found between majority administration and staff members (X=24.40) and minority administration and staff members (X=28.33), (t=2.515, p=.05).
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: There was a significant difference between part-time administration/staff members (X=16.25) and full-time administration/staff members (X=25.16), (t=3.515, p<.01).
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Majority members reported more favorable job experiences than minority administration and staff members. Part-time administration and staff members reported more favorable job experiences than full-time administration and staff members.

Section III: OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES ABOUT SCSU
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: No significant differences were noted with analysis of variance. However, when staff members were divided into two categories significant differences were found between majority administration and staff members (X=105.32) and minority administration and staff members (X=115.25), (t=2.491, p=.05).
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: Significant differences were noted (F=2.972, p<.01). Post-hoc tests found significant differences between those 31-35 years of age (X=116.44) and those 51 and older, (X=100.83, p<.05).
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Majority administration and staff members reported more favorable opinions and attitudes about SCSU than minority administration and staff members. Administration and staff members 51 years of age and older reported more positive opinions and attitudes about SCSU than those between 31 and 35 years of age.

Section IV: COMMUNICATION
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: Significant differences were noted (F=3.088, p<.01). Post-hoc tests found significant differences between those 21-25 years of age (X= 67.25) and those 31-35 years of age, (X=59.78, p<.05). Post-hoc tests found significant differences between those 26-30 years of age (X=73.86) and those 31-35 years of age, (X=59.78, p<.05).
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Significant differences were noted (F=3.109, p<.05). Post hoc tests could not be performed because at least one group had fewer than two cases. When staff members were divided into three groups, Christian, non-Christian, and no religious affiliation, and analysis of variance was performed, no significant differences were found.
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Administration and staff members between the ages of 31 and 35 reported more favorable perceptions of communication than administration and staff members between 21 and 30 years of age.

Section V: INTERPERSONAL SITUATIONS AND MENTORING
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

The overall level of satisfaction with interpersonal situations and mentoring is not influenced by demographic factors. All administration and staff members appear to be homogeneous in their satisfaction with interpersonal situations and mentoring.

Section VI: JOB SATISFACTION
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

The overall level of job satisfaction is not influenced by demographic factors. All administration and staff members appear to be homogeneous in their level of job satisfaction.

Section VII: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: NS
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

The overall level satisfaction with interpersonal relationships is not influenced by demographic factors. All administration and staff members appear to be homogeneous in their level of satisfaction with interpersonal relationships.

Section VIII: ANTI-AFRICAN AMERICAN
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: NS
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: Significant differences were noted (F=3.888, p<.01). Post-hoc tests found significant differences between the 21-25 year of age cohort (X=7.25) and the 31-35 years of age cohort (X=13.11, p<.05). Significant differences were also found between the 26-30 years of age cohort (X=8.00) and the 31-35 years of age cohort (X=13.11, p<.05).
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Significant differences were noted (F=3.110, p<.05). Post hoc tests could not be performed because at least one group had fewer than two cases. When the staff was were divided into three groups, Christian, Non-Christian, and No Affiliation, significant differences were found (F=4.699, p<.05). Non-Christians (X=7.44) had more favorable attitudes towards African-Americans than both Christians (X=10.65, p<.01) and those reporting no religious affiliation (X=10.82, p<.05)
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: NS
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Administration and staff members between the ages of 21 and 30 reported more positive attitudes towards African-Americans than those between the ages of 31 and 35. Non-Christians reported more favorable attitudes towards African-Americans than both Christians and those reporting no religious affiliation.

Section IX: ANTI-SEMITISM
Summary of Findings:

  • Race: No significant differences were noted with analysis of variance. However, when staff members were divided into two categories significant differences were found between majority staff members (X =18.12) and minority staff members (X=19.58), (t=2.068, p<.05).
  • Gender: NS
  • Age: NS
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Significant differences were noted (F=2.677, p<.05). Post hoc t-tests could not be performed because at least one group had fewer than two cases. When staff members were divided into three groups, Christian, non-Christian, and no religious affiliation, significant differences were found (F=3.720, p<.05). Christians (X=14.44) had more favorable attitudes toward Jews than those administration/staff members reporting no religious affiliation (X=20.73, p<.05)
  • Full-time or Part-time: NS
  • Length at SCSU: Significant differences were noted (F=2.958, p<.05). Post-hoc tests noted significant differences between administration/staff members that had been at SCSU 4-5 years (X=22.07) and more than 20 years (X=17.53, p<.05).
  • Union Member: NS

Discussion:

Majority administration and staff members reported more favorable towards Jews than minority administration and staff members. Christians had more favorable attitudes toward Jews than those administration and staff members reporting no religious affiliation. Administration and staff members that had been at SCSU for more than 20 years had more favorable attitudes towards Jews than administration and staff members that had been there between 4 and 5 years.

Table 5
Summary of Significant Mean Comparisons By Scales By Demographics for Administration and Staff

Experiences at the Workplace

  • Race: Majority members reported more favorable workplace experiences than minority administration and staff members.
  • Age: Members between 41 and 45 years of age reported more negative workplace experiences than administration and staff members 51 years of age and older.

Job Experiences

  • Race: Majority members reported more favorable job experiences than minority administration and staff members.
  • Full-time/Part-time: Part-time administration and staff members reported more favorable job experiences than full-time administration and staff members.

Opinions and Attitudes about SCSU

  • Race: Majority administration and staff members reported more favorable opinions and attitudes about SCSU than minority administration and staff members.
  • Age: Administration and staff members between 31 and 35 years of age reported less favorable opinions and attitudes about SCSU than those 51 years of age and older.

Communication

  • Age: Administration and staff members between 31 and 35 years of age reported more favorable attitudes towards communication processes than those members between the ages of 21 and 30.

Interpersonal Situations and Mentoring

  • No significant differences were found.

Job Satisfaction

  • No significant differences were found.

Interpersonal Relationships

  • No significant differences were found.

Anti-African American Attitudes

  • Age: Administration and staff members between the ages of 21 and 30 reported more positive attitudes towards African-Americans than members between the ages of 31 and 35.
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Non-Christians reported more favorable attitudes towards African-Americans that both Christians and those reporting no religious affiliation.

Anti-Semitic Attitudes

  • Race: Majority administration and staff members reported more favorable towards Jews than minority administration and staff members.
  • Spiritual/religious affiliation: Christians reported more favorable attitudes toward Jews than those administration and staff members reporting no religious affiliation.
  • Length at SCSU: Administration and staff members that had been at SCSU for more than 20 years had more favorable attitudes towards Jews than administration and staff members that had been there between 4 and 5 years.

Table 6
Administration and Staff Survey Scales: Descriptive Statistics

SCALE Number of Items
and Response
Item Range		 Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
Experiences at the Workplace 12/1-5 13.00 47.00 30.94 8.46
Job Experiences 8/1-5 13.00 38.00 24.83 5.23
Opinions and Attitudes about SCSU 38/1-5 72.00 141.00 106.41 13.34
Communication 23/1-5 45.00 89.00 69.95 9.45
Interpersonal Situations and Mentoring 16/1-5 23.00 65.00 41.94 8.54
Job Satisfaction 15/1-5 15.00 70.00 34.94 10.39
Interpersonal Relationships 11/1-7 11.00 38.00 24.04 7.57
Anti-African American 4/1-5 4.00 19.00 10.40 3.13
Anti-Semitic 7/1-5 8.00 33.00 18.28 5.30


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